Lesser Black-backed Gulls breed in colonies on islands, coastal cliffs, sand dunes, marshes and moorlands. They build shallow nests on the ground using grasses and other vegetation. Females usually lay 2–3 eggs, and both parents take turns incubating the eggs and raising the chicks. This adaptable species feeds on a wide variety of food, including fish, crustaceans, insects, worms and other invertebrates. It also scavenges for carrion and discarded food around fishing ports and urban areas when the opportunity arises.

The main threats to the Lesser Black-backed Gull include marine pollution, entanglement in fishing gear, habitat loss and changes in fishing practices that reduce food availability. Disturbance at breeding colonies can also affect breeding success. The species is classified as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List. In Malta, it is protected under national wildlife legislation, reflecting its importance within coastal ecosystems.